Validity and Reliability of the Flipped Learning Scale

Abstract

Digital transformation requires restructuring in all areas of life and getting used to the new normal. Education is also greatly affected by digital transformation. In higher education, while learning and teaching styles change, educational environments also change according to the requirements of digital transformation. Flipped learning is becoming increasingly important from lifelong learning to university education. Therefore, a scale validity and reliability study on flipped learning are aimed at the study. In order to achieve this purpose, linguistic validity, time validity, and pilot application are performed with the survey items. The research survey is conducted on 500 participants by the easy sampling method. Based on research findings, the 4-factor structure of the flipped learning scale is confirmed since the test values and fit index values (GFI, CFI, SRMR, RMSEA) of the research model are within acceptable limits. In higher education, E-Learning applications are increasing in parallel with digitalization. In particular, new applications (robots, internet of things, augmented reality, etc.) that come with Industry 4.0 included not only theoretical courses but also laboratory applications within the scope of E-Learning. This research aimed to draw the interests and attention of educators and education professionals to the ways of evaluating virtual learning environments and styles. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.